Axon
A nerve fiber that conducts an impulse away from the neuron cell body.

Cell body
The bulbous part of a neuron containing the cell nucleus.

Dendrites
The branched extensions of a neuron that receive input from other neurons.

Myelin
Fatty substance that forms a sheathlike covering around axons.

Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between myelin sheaths on the axon of a neuron.

Nucleus
The cell organelle that contains nearly all the cell's DNA.

Schwann cells
Glia (non-neuronal cells) that surround the axon of a neuron, forming the myelin sheath.

Synaptic knobs
Tiny enlargements at the end of an axon that secrete neurotransmitters.